The phylogenetic position of Myriapoda within arthropods has been controversially discussed for decades and a consensus is still in debate. Characteristics of nervous systems have in the past been compared between arthropod taxa and successfully used to construct or support hypothesis about phylogenetic relationships. In the ventral nerve cord of many arthropod taxa, individually identifiable neurons have been reported. Comparisons of these neurons have contributed new arguments in the discussion on arthropod phylogeny (and favored the Tetraconata hypothesis). However, not many species have been investigated on individually identifiable neurons, with an especially big gap within the Myriapoda. In my master’s thesis I investigate the ventral nerve cord of the centipede Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda: Chilopoda). Therefore I use classical histology, immunohistochemical experiments with different transmitter systems combined with confocal laser-scanning microscopy, backfilling with neuronal tracers, as well as X-ray micro-computed tomography.